Gather all your ingredients nearby, including the chicken, beans, and spices.
Heat a splash of oil in a large heavy-bottomed pot over medium heat until shimmering and fragrant.
Add the chopped onions and minced garlic to the pot. Sauté for about 3-4 minutes until the onions are translucent and fragrant, with a slight sizzle and aroma filling the kitchen.
Place the chicken breasts or thighs into the pot, cooking until they develop a light golden color, about 5 minutes. Break the meat apart with your spoon as it cooks to create bite-sized pieces.
Pour in the chicken broth and add the drained white beans, diced green chilies, cumin, oregano, and cayenne pepper. Stir everything together, scraping up any flavorful bits from the bottom of the pot.
Bring the mixture to a gentle simmer, then reduce the heat to low. Cover partially and let it simmer gently for about 30 minutes, stirring occasionally. The broth will thicken lightly, and flavors will meld beautifully.
Once simmered, taste and adjust seasoning if needed. Squeeze fresh lime juice into the chili for brightness and balance.
Give the chili a final stir, ensuring the chicken is tender and shredded if desired, with a creamy, hearty consistency and inviting aroma.
Serve the white chicken chili hot, garnished with fresh herbs or a dollop of sour cream if you like. Enjoy the comforting, slightly smoky, citrus-bright flavors in every spoonful.